World governments
Every country, its government, and who holds office — from one public record, with the date it was compiled.
Integrity · Service · Respect
This directory was compiled on 12 October 2026.
The source is the CIA World Factbook, a work of the United States government and therefore in the public domain, read from a CC0 archive. The publication itself closed in February 2026, so an office-holder here may have changed since. The association adds nothing to the record and verifies none of it.
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Afghanistan Kabul theocratic; the United States does not recognize the Taliban Government
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Albania Tirana (Tirane) parliamentary republic
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Algeria Algiers presidential republic
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American Samoa Pago Pago unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
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Andorra Andorra la Vella parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain
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Angola Luanda presidential republic
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Anguilla The Valley parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
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Antigua & Barbuda Saint John's parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Argentina Buenos Aires presidential republic
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Armenia Yerevan parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system
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Aruba Oranjestad parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
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Australia Canberra federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Austria Vienna federal parliamentary republic
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Azerbaijan Baku (Baki, Baky) presidential republic
B
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Bahamas Nassau parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Bahrain Manama constitutional monarchy
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Bangladesh Dhaka parliamentary republic
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Barbados Bridgetown parliamentary republic; a Commonwealth realm
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Belarus Minsk presidential republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship
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Belgium Brussels federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
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Belize Belmopan parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Benin Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government) presidential republic
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Bermuda Hamilton Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
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Bhutan Thimphu constitutional monarchy
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Bolivia La Paz (administrative capital); Sucre (constitutional [legislative and judicial] capital) presidential republic
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Bosnia & Herzegovina Sarajevo parliamentary republic
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Botswana Gaborone parliamentary republic
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Brazil Brasília federal presidential republic
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British Virgin Islands Road Town Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
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Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan absolute monarchy or sultanate
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Bulgaria Sofia parliamentary republic
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Burkina Faso Ouagadougou presidential republic
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Burundi Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital) presidential republic
C
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Cambodia Phnom Penh parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Cameroon Yaounde presidential republic
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Canada Ottawa federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution
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Cape Verde Praia parliamentary republic
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Cayman Islands George Town (on Grand Cayman) parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK
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Chad N'Djamena presidential republic
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Chile Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature presidential republic
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China Beijing communist party-led state
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Christmas Island The Settlement (Flying Fish Cove) non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia
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Cocos (Keeling) Islands West Island non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia
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Colombia Bogotá presidential republic
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Comoros Moroni federal presidential republic
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Cook Islands Avarua parliamentary democracy
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Costa Rica San José presidential republic
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Croatia Zagreb parliamentary republic
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Cuba Havana communist state
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Curaçao Willemstad parliamentary democracy
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Cyprus Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa) Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency
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Czechia Prague parliamentary republic
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Côte d’Ivoire Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan presidential republic
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Denmark Copenhagen parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Djibouti Djibouti presidential republic
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Dominica Roseau parliamentary republic
E
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Ecuador Quito presidential republic
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Egypt Cairo presidential republic
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El Salvador San Salvador presidential republic
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Equatorial Guinea Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; some months of the year, the government operates out of Bata on the mainland region. presidential republic
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Eritrea Asmara authoritarian
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Estonia Tallinn parliamentary republic
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Eswatini Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital) absolute monarchy
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Ethiopia Addis Ababa federal parliamentary republic
F
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Falkland Islands Stanley parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
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Faroe Islands Torshavn parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark
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Fiji Suva (on Viti Levu) parliamentary republic
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Finland Helsinki parliamentary republic
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France Paris semi-presidential republic
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French Polynesia Papeete (located on Tahiti) parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France
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Gabon Libreville presidential republic
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Gambia Banjul presidential republic
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Georgia Tbilisi semi-presidential republic
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Germany Berlin federal parliamentary republic
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Ghana Accra presidential republic
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Gibraltar Gibraltar parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
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Greece Athens parliamentary republic
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Greenland Nuuk parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)
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Grenada Saint George's parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Guam Hagatna (Agana) unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
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Guatemala Guatemala City presidential republic
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Guernsey Saint Peter Port parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)
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Guinea Conakry presidential republic
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Guinea-Bissau Bissau semi-presidential republic
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Guyana Georgetown parliamentary republic
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Haiti Port-au-Prince semi-presidential republic
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Honduras Tegucigalpa presidential republic
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Hong Kong SAR China presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
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Hungary Budapest parliamentary republic
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Iceland Reykjavik unitary parliamentary republic
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India New Delhi federal parliamentary republic
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Indonesia Jakarta presidential republic
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Iran Tehran theocratic republic
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Iraq Baghdad federal parliamentary republic
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Ireland Dublin parliamentary republic
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Isle of Man Douglas parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)
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Israel Jerusalem parliamentary democracy
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Italy Rome parliamentary republic
J
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Jamaica Kingston parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Japan Tokyo parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Jersey Saint Helier parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)
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Jordan Amman parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Kazakhstan Astana presidential republic
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Kenya Nairobi presidential republic
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Kiribati Tarawa presidential republic
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Kuwait Kuwait City constitutional monarchy (emirate)
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Kyrgyzstan Bishkek parliamentary republic
L
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Laos Vientiane (Viangchan) communist party-led state
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Latvia Riga parliamentary republic
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Lebanon Beirut parliamentary democratic republic
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Lesotho Maseru parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Liberia Monrovia presidential republic
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Libya Tripoli (Tarabulus) in transition
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Liechtenstein Vaduz constitutional monarchy
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Lithuania Vilnius semi-presidential republic
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Luxembourg Luxembourg constitutional monarchy
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Macao SAR China executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
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Madagascar Antananarivo semi-presidential republic
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Malawi Lilongwe presidential republic
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Malaysia Kuala Lumpur federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Maldives Malé presidential republic
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Mali Bamako semi-presidential republic
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Malta Valletta parliamentary republic
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Marshall Islands Majuro mixed presidential-parliamentary system in free association with the US
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Mauritania Nouakchott presidential republic
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Mauritius Port Louis parliamentary republic
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Mexico Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) federal presidential republic
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Moldova Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian) parliamentary republic
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Monaco Monaco constitutional monarchy
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Mongolia Ulaanbaatar semi-presidential republic
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Montenegro Podgorica parliamentary republic
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Montserrat Plymouth parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK
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Morocco Rabat parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Mozambique Maputo presidential republic
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Myanmar (Burma) Rangoon (aka Yangon, continues to be recognized as the primary Burmese capital by the US Government); Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital military regime
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Namibia Windhoek presidential republic
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Nauru no official capital; government offices in the Yaren District parliamentary republic
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Nepal Kathmandu federal parliamentary republic
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Netherlands Amsterdam parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
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New Caledonia Noumea parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France
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New Zealand Wellington parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Nicaragua Managua presidential republic
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Niger Niamey formerly, semi-presidential republic
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Nigeria Abuja federal presidential republic
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Niue Alofi parliamentary democracy
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Norfolk Island Kingston administered as an overseas territory of Australia
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North Korea Pyongyang dictatorship, single-party communist state
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North Macedonia Skopje parliamentary republic
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Northern Mariana Islands Saipan a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
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Norway Oslo parliamentary constitutional monarchy
O
P
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Pakistan Islamabad federal parliamentary republic
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Palau Ngerulmud presidential republic in free association with the US
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Panama Panama City presidential republic
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Papua New Guinea Port Moresby parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Paraguay Asunción presidential republic
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Peru Lima presidential republic
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Philippines Manila presidential republic
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Pitcairn Islands Adamstown parliamentary democracy
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Poland Warsaw parliamentary republic
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Portugal Lisbon semi-presidential republic
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Puerto Rico San Juan unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; note - reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950
Q
R
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Romania Bucharest semi-presidential republic
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Russia Moscow semi-presidential federation
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Rwanda Kigali presidential republic
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Samoa Apia parliamentary republic
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San Marino San Marino (city) parliamentary republic
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Saudi Arabia Riyadh absolute monarchy
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Senegal Dakar presidential republic
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Serbia Belgrade (Beograd) parliamentary republic
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Seychelles Victoria presidential republic
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Sierra Leone Freetown presidential republic
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Singapore Singapore parliamentary republic
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Sint Maarten Philipsburg parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
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Slovakia Bratislava parliamentary republic
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Slovenia Ljubljana parliamentary republic
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Solomon Islands Honiara parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Somalia Mogadishu federal parliamentary republic
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South Africa Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital) parliamentary republic
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South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands
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South Korea Seoul presidential republic
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South Sudan Juba presidential republic
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Spain Madrid parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Sri Lanka Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital) presidential republic
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St. Barthélemy Gustavia parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
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St. Kitts & Nevis Basseterre federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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St. Lucia Castries parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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St. Martin Marigot parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
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St. Pierre & Miquelon Saint-Pierre parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
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Sudan Khartoum presidential republic
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Suriname Paramaribo presidential republic
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Sweden Stockholm parliamentary constitutional monarchy
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Switzerland Bern federal republic (formally a confederation)
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Syria Damascus transitional presidential republic
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São Tomé & Príncipe Sao Tome semi-presidential republic
T
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Taiwan Taipei semi-presidential republic
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Tajikistan Dushanbe presidential republic
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Tanzania Dodoma presidential republic
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Thailand Bangkok constitutional monarchy
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Timor-Leste Dili semi-presidential republic
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Togo Lome presidential republic
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Tokelau parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
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Tonga Nuku'alofa constitutional monarchy
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Trinidad & Tobago Port of Spain parliamentary republic
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Tunisia Tunis parliamentary republic
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Turkmenistan Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) presidential republic; authoritarian
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Turks & Caicos Islands Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) parliamentary democracy
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Tuvalu Funafuti parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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Türkiye Ankara presidential republic
U
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U.S. Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
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Uganda Kampala presidential republic
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Ukraine Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian) semi-presidential republic
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United Kingdom London parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
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United States Washington, D.C. constitutional federal republic
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Uruguay Montevideo presidential republic
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Uzbekistan Tashkent (Toshkent) presidential republic; highly authoritarian
V
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Vanuatu Port-Vila (on Efate) parliamentary republic
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Vatican City Vatican City ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an "absolute monarchy"
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Venezuela Caracas federal presidential republic
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Vietnam Hanoi (Ha Noi) communist party-led state
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Wallis & Futuna Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea) parliamentary democracy (Territorial Assembly); overseas collectivity of France
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Western Sahara legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), near Tindouf, Algeria, led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ until his death in May 2016; current President Brahim GHALI elected in July 2016; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; Morocco between 1980 and 1987 built a fortified sand berm delineating the roughly 75% of Western Sahara west of the barrier that currently is controlled by Morocco; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)